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The coal-forming environments
Šulcová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The coal is a caustobiolith, which originates by biochemical transformation of plant biomass and its subsequent diagenesis under increased temperature, pressure and time. Coal occurs in a form of a layer, which is called a seam. A peat is an early stage of coal, which is formed by anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass accumulated in peatlands. Peatlands consist important subgroup of wetlands, where low oxygen content and water logging are important pre-requisites for their formation. The term peatlands has different meanings in various scientific disciplines and countries and so there is wide range of terms describing wetlands and peatlands. We don't exactly know the global distribution of peatlands, but the estimate is about 386 - 409 mil. ha. The hydrology is one of the main factors, which determine type of peatlands. We can distinguish two main types - ombrotrophic mires, which are fed by precipitation and rheotrophic mires, which are fed by groundwater (besides precipitation). During development peatlands can switch from rheotrophic state to ombrotrophic state. Two areas in the province Riau in Sumatra were chosen for a comparison. Siak Kanan is on the coast and Bengkalis Island, which represents the peat on the island. Final analysis of samples taken from peatlands show no significant...
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Genesis and distribution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarizes contemporary state of knowledge of genesis and distrubution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin. In the first part of the thesis I provide a classification and description of clastic bands including volcanoclastic and sedimentary bands. Following is the description of geology and stratigraphy of the Most Basin, and especially of the Main Coal, which contains many clastic bands. The thesis is focused mainly on the Bílina area, because the most of geologic research has been taken there.The main aim of the thesis is to distinguish various kinds of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin, especially from genetic point of view. There are two kinds of sedimentary clastic bands. Predominant type of clastic bands in the western part of the Most basin are clastic bands related to fluvial processes of the Žatec delta. In the eastern part of the Most Basin (e.g. Bílina open-cast mine) we can distinguish two types of clastic bands. Clastic bands bounded to fluvial systems are settled in the lower and middle bench of the Main Coal. Predominating type in the upper bench are clastic bands formed during the late lake highstand when the Bílina delta started to prograde into the mire. Clastic bands in the upper bench of the Main Coal thus pass to the prodeltaic clastics...
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The coal-forming environments
Šulcová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The coal is a caustobiolith, which originates by biochemical transformation of plant biomass and its subsequent diagenesis under increased temperature, pressure and time. Coal occurs in a form of a layer, which is called a seam. A peat is an early stage of coal, which is formed by anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass accumulated in peatlands. Peatlands consist important subgroup of wetlands, where low oxygen content and water logging are important pre-requisites for their formation. The term peatlands has different meanings in various scientific disciplines and countries and so there is wide range of terms describing wetlands and peatlands. We don't exactly know the global distribution of peatlands, but the estimate is about 386 - 409 mil. ha. The hydrology is one of the main factors, which determine type of peatlands. We can distinguish two main types - ombrotrophic mires, which are fed by precipitation and rheotrophic mires, which are fed by groundwater (besides precipitation). During development peatlands can switch from rheotrophic state to ombrotrophic state. Two areas in the province Riau in Sumatra were chosen for a comparison. Siak Kanan is on the coast and Bengkalis Island, which represents the peat on the island. Final analysis of samples taken from peatlands show no significant...
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Genesis and distribution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarizes contemporary state of knowledge of genesis and distrubution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin. In the first part of the thesis I provide a classification and description of clastic bands including volcanoclastic and sedimentary bands. Following is the description of geology and stratigraphy of the Most Basin, and especially of the Main Coal, which contains many clastic bands. The thesis is focused mainly on the Bílina area, because the most of geologic research has been taken there.The main aim of the thesis is to distinguish various kinds of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin, especially from genetic point of view. There are two kinds of sedimentary clastic bands. Predominant type of clastic bands in the western part of the Most basin are clastic bands related to fluvial processes of the Žatec delta. In the eastern part of the Most Basin (e.g. Bílina open-cast mine) we can distinguish two types of clastic bands. Clastic bands bounded to fluvial systems are settled in the lower and middle bench of the Main Coal. Predominating type in the upper bench are clastic bands formed during the late lake highstand when the Bílina delta started to prograde into the mire. Clastic bands in the upper bench of the Main Coal thus pass to the prodeltaic clastics...
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